The study recruited 509 adults aged 50 and older, all diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Participants were divided into four groups based on body composition: normal, obesity-only, sarcopenia-only, and sarcopenic obesity. Body composition was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), grip strength testing, and a 6-meter walk test. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), a widely used screening tool for MCI.