Women have always suffered the woes of menstruation: they are isolated because they are “unclean,” are not allowed into certain buildings, and most recently are stigmatized because they are “cursed.” Although society has largely abandoned these beliefs (ha!), we are now dealing with harmful chemicals in our menstrual products. As women continue their epic quest for safe menstrual products, we’ve put together a few pointers to identify the best antimicrobial, antibacterial and toxin-free pads, tampons, cups and discs.
What harmful chemicals are found in menstrual products?
A brand new South African study from the University of the Free State (UFS) has found hormone-disrupting chemicals in every single pad and panty liner tested – even the organic products. The study identified three main groups of chemicals: parabens, phthalates and bisphenols (including BPA) that are linked to plastic, a component of hygiene products. These endocrine-disrupting chemicals have been linked to health problems such as hormonal imbalances, cancer and infertility.
But this finding is not entirely new. In 2023, a systematic review of studies from ten countries and Europe found that various endocrine-disrupting chemicals were found in menstrual products, including phthalates, phenols and parabens.
Another US study by Environment International discovered 24 endocrine disruptors in feminine hygiene products, from panty liners and tampons to bactericidal creams and deodorant sprays. The authors noted that exposure was “significant.”
And in 2024, a small study found arsenic and lead in organic and inorganic tampons. This study has not been repeated in South Africa – and there is no “safe” limit for exposure to arsenic or lead, although experts say these levels are well below daily limits.
READ MORE: 15 things your period could reveal about your health
Hormone-disrupting chemicals are found in… almost everything
These chemicals (parabens, phthalates and bisphenols) have been identified in other studies and in other products. They have been found in baby wipes, medicines and food. Women are also exposed to phthalates through perfumes, nail polishes, and skin and hair products. According to Prof. Deon Visser, head of the chemistry department at UFS and co-author of the study, manufacturers are not required to disclose every single chemical in their products, and the only BPA-related regulation applies to baby bottles.
How to find safe menstrual products
For now, Prof. Visser recommends paying attention to the OEKO-TEX Standard 100 certification for your products, which limits the use of harmful chemicals. Or use reusable products like medical-grade menstrual cups or discs, or try 100% cotton reusable pads.
Pay attention to certifications
OEKO-TEX Standard 100, Ecocert/Cosmos (organic/natural cosmetics), and Global Green Tag (environmental and health safety) are all labels to look for when purchasing non-toxic, safe menstrual products. Afrisco is another organic certifier for food, cosmetics and textiles.
Which ingredients are safe?
Cotton is convincing – it is light, breathable and skin-friendly. Another ingredient you may find is TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane) – this is considered non-toxic in its finished form. Another type of polyurethane is Lycra, which is used in underwear. Medical grade silicone in solid form is considered safe – it is microbially resistant and hypoallergenic.
What if this product is difficult to use?
Come to the brand! It’s literally their job to make the best possible product for you. If you can’t reach your cup (or are experiencing another nightmare), email, send a DM, and be the change you want to see on your period.
READ MORE: Painful periods? PCOS? Get to know hormone-balancing dietary supplements
Toxic-free, sustainable and safe menstrual products
These menstrual products are pads, tampons, panties and cups that are considered free of toxic chemicals and endocrine disruptors. These products were not included in the UFS study, but many have safety certifications.
Menstrual cups and tampons
FtN Regular Goddess menstrual cup
Made from medical-grade silicone, this cup features a convenient ball at the top that makes it easy to hold when removing.
Gentle daily tampons
These tampons are made from 100% organic cotton and are hypoallergenic. They absorb up to 9g of blood and are 100% plastic-free.
Sheba Feminine Ultra-Soft Menstrual Cup
This cup is made from 100% medical grade silicone and is free of toxins. A helpful ring at the end helps with removal.
PrincessD menstrual cup
The PrincessD menstrual cup is a reusable, eco-friendly and cost-effective menstrual cup made from FDA-approved medical-grade silicone and contains no toxins, bleaches, dyes or other chemicals.
READ MORE: Why it’s important to talk about your period and how to do it
Pads and panty liners
Petallite organic sanitary pads
Carefully crafted from 100% cotton, an absorbent plant-based core and a waterproof PE backing. Plant power!
Hannahpad
These eco-friendly reusable pads are made from 100% organic cotton and TPU and are biodegradable. And we will add a note of appreciation for the fabric’s charming designs.
Eco Boom Daily panty liners
This liner is made from 100% bamboo viscose and a biodegradable backing, is plastic-free and contains no dyes or fragrances.
READ MORE: Eat this to prevent period bloating
Period panties
Some period panties still contain plastic. We have verified that these brands are anxiety free.
Such cheeky Lycra period panties
Made from four layers of absorbent cotton and leak-proof Lycra, this underwear will catch up to four tampons of blood.
Bodhi B classic bikini
Made from 100% cotton Lycra and a 3-layer gusset with sustainable Merino wool. Naturally antimicrobial, antibacterial and anti-odor, it stays dry on the skin.
Boody
These briefs are made of bamboo viscose, nylon, elastane and 100% cotton and are certified by EcoCert and OEKO-TEX (STANDARD 100).
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