In the revised budget of Rajasthan from 2019-20, the then Prime Minister of the State of Ashok Gehlot announced the implementation of the “One Number, a map, an identity concept” to ensure the advantages of various systems. Rajasthan Jan Aadhaar Yojana2019 was introduced on December 18, 2019 to ensure the seamless and transparent provision of advantages of all programs by the state government to the public. In addition, the government had enabled digital service directly at the station level by integrating platforms such as E-Mitra. Jan Aadhaar Yojana was an improved and more integrative version of the Bhamashah Yojana. From May 2025, a total of 7.91.89,950 beneficiaries were handled with more than £ 1.12.
Before the Yojana, the residents of the state had to apply for different levels to take advantage of the welfare systems operated by the government. The process was lengthy and caused delays when receiving the advantages. In addition, there was no guarantee that the advantages would reach the intended recipients.
A policy that aims at the transformation of society
Jan Aadhaar connected all family members under one Individual identification numberReduction of duplication, paperwork and corruption to welfare schemes. With this card, the beneficiaries of services such as the public distribution system (PDS), pensions, scholarships, health systems, electricity subsidies and more could take advantage of a single point review process. The program also stipulates that a woman (18 years or older) is referred to as a family leader.
This formals your role in the household and ensures that welfare advantages are directed in your name. When women become familiar to manage resources, this questions the conventional view of the leadership of men dominated by men in Indian communities. The program sends a strong social message about the value of the roles of women within the family and society. Such an authorization is about economic freedom, which can lead to increased trust in both private and public areas.
Components of strengthening women within politics
Naila Kabee’s frame for the strengthening of women is particularly relevant for the analysis of the deeper effects of schemes like Jan Aadhaar. Kabeer designs empowerment as a dynamic and context -specific process that focuses on a woman’s ability to drink the choice. Your frame identifies three core dimensions: resources, agency and success.
The program sends a strong social message about the value of the roles of women within the family and society. Such an authorization is about economic freedom, which can lead to increased trust in both private and public areas.
Resources refer to the materials, the HR department and social inputs such as income, education and networks that serve as a prerequisites for the empowerment. Jan Aadhaar Yojana improves the access of women to such resources by putting social benefits directly under their control. Agency reflects the ability to define and react to goals. With women who are formally recognized as head of household, they receive decision -making powers that represent a form of the agency.
The achievements are the results of the authorization, including tangible results such as improved living standards and intangible, such as improved trust, participation and respect. Kabeer also emphasizes that empowerment is not linear. It is context -specific and requires attention to systemic obstacles that hinder progress in women. By tightening and centering women in the welfare structure, guidelines such as Jan Aadhaar help to break up these systemic barriers on the basis.
Understand women’s experiences with “Jan Aadhaar”
In order to understand the application of the guideline, women from the village of Mandawa were interviewed using a structured series of questions. The interview began with the consent and details of the registration of Jan Aadhaar. The next questions focused on the advantages that were obtained by Jan Aadhaar.
The respondents were asked to tell what advantages they had experienced personally and whether Jan Aadhaar had made any noticeable changes, in particular with regard to access and control over financial aid. The last questions dealt with whether women considered themselves as a budgetary board and whether they had changed their self -awareness. The results of interviews showed that the effects of the system are undermined by challenges in connection with ignorance, trust and subordination.
Ignorance: About lack of consciousness
60% of women from the village of Mandawa were not aware of Jan Aadhaar Yojana. If this problem has been further investigated, factors such as low literacy levels, limited mobility and limited exposure to state communication contributed to a lack of awareness of the system. For example, women reported that male family members usually treated all formal documents and that they were not themselves aware of basic details, e.g. Some women did not know that the program was specially designed in such a way that they call the oldest woman in the household as the official director.
Even if Jan Aadhaar is supposed to increase Financial and administrative independence of womenWomen in Mandawa are still strongly dependent on male family members to interact with the system. They rely on male members; Husbands, sons or brothers to visit Emitra centers, to operate bank accounts and to make welfare decisions.
A 34-year-old Munni announced that she had never seen it herself, even though she was on the Jan Aadhaar card. Her husband kept it and she was not informed when the government’s achievements were received. Knowing this lack of access brings women considerably disadvantaged and reduces their ability to take control of resources. A 70-year-old woman mentioned that they received no advantages from one of the government programs. While her son confirmed all the advantages they get. The ignorance in this context is not due to a lack of intelligence, but to low literacy values. In a way, ignorance is a result of Gender -specific access to information.
Trust undermines the authorization
Even if Jan Aadhaar is supposed to increase Financial and administrative independence of womenWomen in Mandawa are still strongly dependent on male family members to interact with the system. They rely on male members; Husbands, sons or brothers to visit Emitra centers, to operate bank accounts and to make welfare decisions. Only 30% of women claim to take part in the decision -making process at home.
Source: Fii
Sunita, a 28-year-old mother of three children, has a Jan Aadhaar card and a bank account that is connected with it. But she has never visited a bank herself. All transactions are carried out by her husband, who also controlled how state help is issued. How she is a widow in the 50s that does not know how to read SMS notifications. There is no one who leads them at the local level. She is dependent on her adult son to inform her about all the advantages you have received. These examples reflect their dependence on other family members.
This type of trust is rooted in Digital illiteracy, lack of mobility And a social structure that prevents women from making financial decisions. As a result, the scheme does not bring the actual functional autonomy, even if it intends to offer inclusion.
Subordination, which is rooted in inferiority
Although many women are officially listed as heads of the household, only a few feel enabled in practice. To be named in a document does not automatically introduce itself to decision authorities.
“I can speak my opinion without hesitation, but my husband is better informed than I do, so I let him make decisions,” said the 55-year-old Laxmi. That shows that Patriarchal norms continue to dominate rural householdsit makes it difficult for women to assert themselves
Nirmala, a 35-year-old woman, realized that she had to ask her husband before she could lead to conflicts with a scheme, since expenses could lead to conflicts without his consent.
“I can speak my opinion without hesitation, but my husband is better informed than I do, so I let him make decisions,” said the 55-year-old Laxmi.
Bhagwati, a 75-year-old woman, announced that despite the leader as a head under Jan Aadhaar, she was recorded on her son and her daughter-in-law for all budget decisions. She described the title as “just a name on paper”. The 26-year-old Laxmi asked her husband to speak for the interview in her name.
That shows that Patriarchal norms continue to dominate rural householdsIt is difficult for women to assert themselves. Even if politics tries to redesign their role, social conditioning ensures that men stay in power. Over and beyond, Generation hierarchies further increase this subordination. Older women, even if they are listed as a family leader, often hand over control over younger male members. Younger women, especially the daughters of dowels, are exposed to additional obstacles in the assertion of independence due to their lower position in the household hierarchy and the social expectations of respect.
Grass root authorization as political results
Most families in Mandawa received several services such as pensions, subsidies for electricity and monthly ration from Jan Aadhaar Yojana. There is not the penetration of the systems, although many women were not aware of the program that offers all of these advantages. This research reflects how a guideline, which is designed with advanced intentions, can be neglected when implementing in social realities. The central goal of strengthening women through identification, access and control over welfare advantages remains largely unfulfilled. In addition, many women lack the authority to use the role of the household manager sensibly.
Source: Fii
The gap between political design and effects on the soil is based on systematic challenges such as low literacy, digital exclusion, limited mobility and solid patriarchal norms. These topics limit the ability of women to deal with initiatives and to benefit from initiatives that are nominally created for their strengthening. The effectiveness of the scheme is dominated by ignorance, dependency and continued subordination. These patterns indicate this Political authorization Can’t function in isolation. Without parallel efforts to change social attitudes and to support women’s functional autonomy through education, awareness and reinforcement of the community, the role of women cannot be changed. Empowerment must be beyond names beyond cards and transferred to lived respect, IDependency and decision -making authority in the household.
For guidelines such as Jan Aadhaar to exploit their full potential, the implementation must be paired with targeted grass root interventions. such as sensitization campaigns, programs for digital competence and community-based support systems. These programs build capacity for women. Without this, politics cannot be transformative.